Espionage provisions of the United States criminal code, 18 U.S.C. §§ 792-799.
These sections prescribe criminal penalties for the disclosure of classified and other defense information.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, P.L. 95-511, 92 Stat. 1783 (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1885c).
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act governs collection of counterintelligence information within the United States. FISA places restrictions on the surveillance of "foreign powers" and their "agents" within the United States, and created the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (which grants or denies Justice Department requests for surveillance orders) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.
Homeland Security Act of 2002, P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (codified as amended at scattered sections of 5, 6, 18, 44, and 49 U.S.C.).
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created the Department of Homeland Security and moved certain existing agencies (including the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which was renamed the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency) under its authority.
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, P.L. 108-458, 118 Stat. 3638 (codified as amended in scattered titles of the U.S.C.).
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 amended the National Security Act of 1947 to create the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. It also authorized various agencies to make regulations on minimum standards for federal acceptance of drivers licenses and personal identification cards, birth certificates, verification of documents provided by applicants for social security numbers, and limits on the issuance of replacement social security cards.
National Emergencies Act, Pub. L. 94-412, 90 Stat. 1255 (1976) (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1601-1651).
The National Emergencies Act provides for presidential declaration of national emergencies and the termination of such emergencies, for purposes of the expansion of federal executive powers.
National Security Act of 1947, July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495 (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. §§ 3001-3234).
The National Security Act of 1947 established civilian oversight of the armed forces through the establishment of the Department of Defense. It also coordinated various aspects of national security through the National Security Council, and formally organized the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Posse Comitatus Act, June 18, 1878, ch. 263, §15, 20 Stat. 152 (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 1385).
The Posse Comitatus Act limits the use of the military for domestic law enforcement activities.
Uniform Code of Military Justice, May 5, 1950, ch. 169, 64 Stat. 108 (codified as amended at 10 U.S.C. §§ 801-946).
The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) establishes basic procedures for the military justice system. It also defines criminal conduct in the military context, sets punishments for criminal offenses, and provides for the various types of courts-martial.
USA Patriot Act, P.L. 107-56, 115 Stat. 272 (2001) (codified as amended in scattered titles of the U.S.C.).
The USA PATRIOT Act amended numerous federal laws as well as creating new ones. The primary effects of the USA PATRIOT Act were the following: (1) to define several new terrorism-related federal crimes; (2) to enhance penalties for existing terrorism-related crimes; (3) to expand investigative surveillance powers; (4) to improve border control by increasing funding and expanding the grounds for excluding and deporting aliens; and (5) to provide for a fund to compensate the victims of terrorism.
War Powers Resolution, Pub. L. 93-148, 87 Stat. 555 (1973) (codified at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1541-1548).
The War Powers Resolution requires that armed forces be withdrawn from a conflict after 60 days unless Congress acts to authorize their further deployment. It also allows Congress to direct the withdrawal of forces by concurrent resolution. It is often argued that the War Powers Resolution violates the President's constitutional authority as commander in chief, but so far it has not been invalidated by judicial review.
