Tax Research - Federal Guide

This guide on federal tax research explains where and how to find tax materials.

Legislative History: A Research Example

Research Question:

What is the purpose of Section 7701(l) of the Internal Revenue Code, and what tax issues did Congress mean to address by this new subsection?

Step One: Retrieve the history citations.

To determine when a subsection of the IRC was added or amended, or which Public Law enacted or amended a subsection, look for the subsection's history or credits citations, which are printed under the text of the subsection of the Code. 

While you can retrieve a subsection's history or credits citations from many sources of the Internal Revenue Code, CCH's Standard Federal Tax Reporter (print) and VitalLaw (formerly Cheetah) (online) provide the most detailed information.

Print. In CCH's Standard Federal Tax Reporter, consult the first two volumes, which are called "Internal Revenue Code I & II," to look up Section 7701(l) and the history or credits citations at the end of the subsection.

Online. In VitalLaw (formerly Cheetah), enter the section number in the "Citation Lookup" search box.

Screenshot of VitalLaw (Tax - Federal) Board. On the dashboard, there is a citation lookup searchbar. In that searchbar, the "7701(l)" citation is pasted.

Find the subsection that you are researching: Section 7701(l). Look for the "History Notes" for the subsection.

History Notes of 7701(l) on Vital Law (Federal - Tax)

The notes indicate that Section 7701(l) was enacted by Section 13238 of Public Law No. 103-66 (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993) and that Section 7701(l) has not been amended by any subsequent legislation.

History Notes of Section 7701(l) on VitalLaw (Tax - Federal) indicating it was enacted by Section 13238 of Public Law No. 103-66 and no other laws amended it.

Step Two: Identify the relevant committee report.

Using a specialized tax database, identify the committee report that discusses the section of the Internal Revenue Code that you are researching.

Note that the databases will not provide the relevant committee report in full. Rather, they will provide an excerpt that discusses the particular section. The databases may differ on the length of the excerpt provided.

VitalLaw (formerly Cheetah)

From the section that you are researching, click on "Related Items." From the dropdown menu, select "Committee Reports." 

Screenshot highlighting where Committee Reports are on the VitalLaw home page -- under the related items dropdown menu.

This will display all committee reports that discuss legislation affecting Section 7701. Find and select the report that is related to P.L. 103-66 (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993).

Screenshot of related items for section 7701(l) on the VitalLaw website highlighting the entry for P.L. 103-66.

Read the excerpt from the committee report to try to find an answer to your research question about the legislative history of Section 7701(l).

Text of Committee Report for P.L. 103-66.

Checkpoint

Locate the section that you are researching by clicking "Find by Citation." In the "Current Code" search box, enter the section number. Checkpoint Homepage, with the Find My Citation tool highlighted in yellow.

Find by Citation tool on Checkpoint -- Citation is inputted into the Current Code search box.

At the top of the text of the section, select "Com Rpts."

Screenshot depicting Section 7701, highlighting the Com Rpts filter at the top of the page.

The right sidebar will display all committee reports that discuss legislation affecting Section 7701. 

Screenshot depicting the Committee Reports sidebar that appears on the right of the page with the committee reports affecting section 7701.

Find and select the report that is related to P.L. 103-66 (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993). Read the excerpt from the committee report to try to find an answer to your research question about the legislative history of Section 7701(l).

Screenshot of the text of the Committee Report for P.L. 103-66.

Lexis Tax

From the Lexis product switcher, select Lexis Tax. Locate the section that you are researching by clicking on: Federal > Get a Document. In the “IRC Sec.” search box, enter the section number, and then select it from the results.

Screenshot of the Get A Document page on Lexis Tax with the IRC Sec. Box highlighted.

To the left of the text of the section, expand “IRC Legislative History.”

Screenshot of IRC Sec. 7701 page with the IRC Legislative History Section on the sidebar highlighted.

The results will list all relevant public laws. Because Section 7701(l) was enacted by Public Law No. 103-66 (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993), look for and select this.

Screenshot of P.L. 103-66, including an excerpt of the relevant Committee Report and link to that report.

Read the excerpt from the committee report to try to find an answer to your research question about the legislative history of Section 7701(l). Note that the excerpt includes a link to the full committee report.

Bloomberg Law: Tax

Locate the section that you are researching by entering the section number in the “Go to Primary Source Document” box.

Screenshot of the Bloomberg Tax Homepage, with the IRC selected and the blank search box highlighted under the Go To Primary Source Document section.

Once you are viewing the section, click on “Related” to the right of the text of the section.

Screenshot of IRC Section 7701(l) with the Related tab highlighted.

Using the filters on the left, narrow by collection to “Legislative Materials.” Select the committee report that is related to P.L. 103-66 (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993). Read the excerpt from the committee report to try to find an answer to your research question about the legislative history of Section 7701(l).

Screenshot of the Related Content Page with Legislative Materials highlighted under Content Types

Step Three: Download the full committee report.

You can view the full committee report, including its original pagination, through ProQuest Congressional

Screenshot of ProQuest Congressional Homepage with the Advanced Search Function under the Legislative & Executive Publications dropdown menu highlighted.

Use an Advanced Search of Legislative & Executive Publications to retrieve the report. You can search by the title of the committee report, limit by Congress, and filter to House & Senate Reports. 

Screenshot of the Advanced Search Page depicting the following filters in use: Under content types, House and Senate Document/reports are selected. We are searching for "omnibus budget reconciliation act" with quotations in one of the search bars. For that search bar, we are specifically searching in the title. We also selected the 103rd Congress from the Congress selection section.

Open the committee report as a full-text PDF.

Image of results page for previous search showing the Committee Reports for P.L. 103-66.

 

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Key Databases

ProQuest Congressional Tutorial

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Covers finding Bills, Reports, and Compiled Legislative Histories on ProQuest Congressional and Legislative Insight.